Causes

According to the federal government report, The Human Face of Mental Health and Mental Illness in Canada 2006, anxiety disorders result from a complex interaction of genetic, biological, cognitive, developmental and other factors, such as personal, socioeconomic or occupational stress. Various theories have been advanced to explain the role played by these factors in the appearance of disorders. The first theory is experiential and postulates that the fear may stem from a first experience, such as an embarrassing situation, physical or sexual aggression or the fact of witnessing a violent act. Subsequent similar experiences reinforce the fear.  

According to a second theory, related to cognition or thought, the individual believes or perceives that a given situation may take an embarrassing or dangerous turn. Such a phenomenon may be linked to overprotective parents who constantly warn about potential problems. A third theory is based on biological factors. Research indicates that the amygdala, a structure located deep in the brain, serves to signal the presence of a threat and triggers a fear or anxiety reaction. It also stores emotional memories and may play a role in the appearance of anxiety disorders. Children of adults who suffer from anxiety disorders are much more at risk than the rest of the population, which indicates the existence of a possible genetic pathway. Many studies have also confirmed a link between neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and norephinephrine, hormonal factors, and the appearance and evolution of anxiety disorders.